Photovoltaic systems, also known as solar PV systems, are designed to convert sunlight into electricity. These systems typically consist of solar panels made of photovoltaic cells, which absorb sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity. This electricity can then be converted into usable alternating current (AC) electricity through an inverter, and can be used to power residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, as well as to provide electricity to the grid. Research in the field of photovoltaic systems focuses on improving the efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of solar PV technologies. This includes developing new materials and technologies for solar cells, optimizing the performance of solar panels, and improving the overall system design and integration. Additionally, researchers are exploring ways to increase the storage capacity of solar energy through battery storage systems, as well as investigating the potential for solar PV systems to be integrated with other renewable energy sources for a more sustainable energy mix. Overall, research in photovoltaic systems is crucial for advancing solar energy technology and driving the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.